大通量净水机降噪技术研究及应用

当前大通量(≥800 G)反渗透(RO)净水机为了满足用户需求,尽可能减少用户接水的等待时间,采用较大的出水流量.但与此同时,会导致净水机噪音比较大,严重影响用户的使用体验.净水机噪音主要来源于水泵本身产生的噪音,水泵振动引起的壳体共振,管路中水流冲击引起的湍振等.通过对以上三个主要的噪音源采用新型的降噪方案,并结合仿真模拟、计算和实验分析,在不影响净水机流量的情况下,低成本实现整机噪音的较大程度降低.     

Two-step pyrolytic engineering to form porous nitrogen-rich carbons with a 3D network structure for Zn-air battery oxygen reduction electrocatalysis

It is of great urgency to design inexpensive and high-performance oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts derived from biowastes as substitutes for Pt-based materials in electrochemical energy-conversion devices. Here we propose a strategy to synthesize three-dimensional (3D) porous nitrogen-doped network carbons to catalyze the ORR from two-step pyrolysis engineering of biowaste scale combined with the use of a ZnCl₂ activator and a FeCl₂ promotor. Electrochemical tests show that the synthesized network carbons have exhibited comparable ORR catalytic activity with a half-wave potential (~0.85 V vs. RHE) and outstanding cyclical stability in comparison to the Pt/C catalyst. Beyond that, a high electron transfer number (~3.8) and a low peroxide yield (<7.6%) can be obtained, indicating a four-electron reaction pathway. The maximum power density is ~68 mW cm^?2, but continuous discharge curves (at a constant potential of ~1.30 V) for 12 h are not obviously declined in Zn-air battery tests using synthesized network carbons as the cathodic catalyst. The formation of 3D porous structures with high BET surface area can effectively expose the surface catalytic sites and promote mass transportation to boost the ORR activity. This work may open a new idea to prepare porous carbon-based catalysts for some important reactions in new energy devices.     

A combination of near-infrared hyperspectral imaging with two-dimensional correlation analysis for monitoring the content of biogenic amines in mutton

The study investigated the feasibility of using a combination of near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) with two-dimensional correlation (2DCOS) analysis for rapid and non-destructive determination of the content of biogenic amines in mutton during refrigerated storage. Total contents of biogenic amines (TBA) were used as the perturbation. By analysing the synchronous and asynchronous two-dimensional correlation spectra, sensitive variables that were closely related to TBA contents were obtained. The results showed that the wavelengths in the spectra range of 1002–1335 nm were the research area for the detection of TBA contents in mutton. The least-squares support vector machines (LSSVM) model based on effective wavelengths selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) from 2DCOS analysis showed excellent results, with correlation coefficient in prediction (Rp) of 0.91, root mean square error in prediction (RMSEP) of 1.67 mg kg⁻¹ and the ratio of performance deviation (RPD) of 2.76. The research demonstrated that the combination of NIR-HSI and 2DCOS could be used as an effective method for monitoring the content of biogenic amines in mutton.     

What are the potential strategies to achieve potentially more healthful meat products?

In recent years, much attention has been paid to the consumption of meat and processed meat, and their relationship with a healthy diet. This review provides an overview of the potential strategies, which can be used to provide the implications for producing healthy, wholesome and consistently high-quality meat products. Genetic selection, nutrition and feeding management, and gene manipulation techniques have been used as the main strategies to induce beneficial changes in meat and meat composition. Besides, the incorporation of ingredients that play a technological role and are potentially health-enhancing, such as fibre, fat substitutes, natural antioxidants and the reduction of sodium and nitrites, has a high potential in the development of healthier meat products. In this review, we have observed that many strategies have been successfully used to obtain products with low fat, reduced sodium and nitrite content, low cholesterol and absence of synthetic antioxidants. Another point to be highlighted is that some of these strategies also allow obtaining products with positive health effects that can be potential alternatives to improve consumer acceptance.     

某企业不同工种的放射工作人员发生甲状腺结节风险分析

采用职业健康体检资料和问卷形式,利用单因素和多因素logistic回归模型,分析探讨某企业内不同工种的放射工作人员暴露在低剂量电离辐射环境下发生甲状腺结节的风险。结果表明,放射工作人员中以混合射线组甲状腺结节发生风险最高,随着年龄和放射工龄的增加发生风险会增加;性别不同与甲状腺结节发生风险有关。     

英东油田成藏条件及勘探开发关键技术

英东油田是柴达木盆地单个油藏储量规模最大、丰度最高、物性最好、开发效益最佳的整装油气田。通过对英东油田的地质再认识，对成藏条件及技术难题进行了攻关研究。研究结果表明：英雄岭地区位于柴西地区茫崖生烃凹陷，油源条件丰富，新近系油砂山组以宽缓的三角洲前缘-滨浅湖沉积为主，砂、泥岩纵向交替出现，砂体分布广泛且物性较好，泥岩为主要盖层，与古近系优质烃源岩形成一套完整的下生上储式生-储-盖组合；英东地区的大型滑脱断层沟通了古近系优质烃源岩和中、浅层构造圈闭，使早期聚集的油气藏发生调整，同时后期形成的油气持续运聚，深、浅层断裂形成"接力式"输导，在浅层晚期形成的构造圈闭中聚集成藏；中、浅层断层具备良好的侧向封堵性能，有利于油气的保存。针对英东地区复杂的地形地貌和油藏特征，形成了复杂山地三维地震采集处理解释一体化技术，为落实油气勘探目标奠定了基础。针对英东油田含油气井段长、流体识别难度大等问题，建立了长井段多油气水系统油藏开发模式、多条件约束复杂断块地质建模技术。通过明确英东油田的成藏机理，攻克工程复杂关键技术，为实现英东油田的高效开发和增储上产提供了重要的地质理论支撑和技术保障。     

HealthSit: Designing Posture-Based Interaction to Promote Exercise during Fitness Breaks

This research was motivated by a desire to help office workers change their sedentary behavior because a prolonged sedentary posture increases the risks of developing musculoskeletal injuries and chronic diseases, thus threatening their physical and psychological well-being. Regular breaks involving low-effort physical activities are effective in reducing the adverse impacts of inactive behaviors. In this article, we present the design of a posture-based interactive system called HealthSit, which was developed to promote a short lower-back stretching exercise during work breaks. Through a within-subject study involving 30 office workers, the effectiveness of HealthSit in facilitating the stretching exercise was examined by making comparisons between an interaction-aided, a guided, and a self-directed exercise mode. We also used HealthSit as a research probe to investigate the interactivity of the system in enhancing user experience and the psychological benefits of the fitness breaks. Compared with the other two modes, the interaction-aided exercise mode significantly improved the quality of the stretching exercise and enhanced motivation and emotional state. These results confirm the effectiveness of HealthSit in supporting fitness breaks as a new workplace technology. Based on our study, a set of design implications have been derived for technology-assisted fitness work breaks.     

异步轧制Pb-Ca-Sn-Al合金晶界节点分形分析

Velcro® 和 Dual-lock 粘扣力学性能的实验与数值分析

张军，王佳琦，袁振伟

（郑州大学 化工与能源学院，郑州 450001）

创新点说明：

Velcro® 和 Dual-lock 粘扣虽然被广泛应用，但其力学性能却研究很少，本文通过拉伸，剪切，从不同拉伸和剪切角度的影响、不同拉伸和剪切速率的影响实验，以及双臂梁和180^o剥离实验，分别研究两种粘扣的力学性能，并分析比较它们各自特点。然后采用内聚力模型，分析了双臂梁和180^o剥离断裂过程。计算结果与实验结果相符合，尤其是模拟Dual-lock 粘扣180^o剥离过程，能很好地分析波动开裂过程。

研究方法：

实验采用Instron力学试验机，并利用Arcan夹具。选用3M生产的两种不同性能的粘扣，基板采用工字型铝材并用特殊固定方式。分别对两种粘扣进行了拉伸，剪切，不同拉伸和剪切角度影响，不同拉伸和剪切速率的影响实验，以及双臂梁和180^o剥离实验。用ABAQUS软件，利用内聚力粘接单元，对双臂梁和180^o剥离断裂过程进行了模拟。

研究结果：

拉伸和剪切实验发现Velcro®粘扣的力学性能与延展性材料类似，Dual-lock粘扣更像脆性材料；不同的施加力角度对其粘接强度影响不明显；施加力速率对其粘接强度有一定影响，Velcro®和Dual-lock粘扣在10-20 mm/min拉伸速率时有很高的粘接强度。利用内聚力粘接单元，对双臂梁断裂和180^o剥离过程进行了模拟，计算结果与实验结果符合，尤其是模拟Dual-lock 粘扣180^o剥离过程，能很好地分析波动开裂过程。

结论：

Velcro®粘扣应用在延展性链接处适合，Dual-lock 粘扣适合脆性链接；这两种粘扣采用10-20 mm/min的拉开速度有较高的粘接强度。内聚力模型能很好模拟这两种粘扣的断裂过程，可作为理论工具对粘扣进行设计和研发。

关键词：Velcro®粘扣，Dual-lock粘扣，力学性能，内聚力模型，数值预测

     

Reusable Floating Beads with Immobilized Xylose-Fermenting Yeast Cells for Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Lime-Pretreated Rice Straw

Novel bioreactor beads for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of lime-pretreated rice straw (RS) into ethanol were prepared. Genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing genes encoding xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase, and xylulokinase were immobilized in calcium alginate beads containing inorganic lightweight filler particles to reduce specific gravity. For SSF experiments, the beads were floated in slurry composed of lime-pretreated RS and enzymes and incubated under CO₂ atmosphere to reduce the pH for saccharification and fermentation. Following this reaction, beads were readily picked up from the upper part of the slurry and were directly transferred to the next vessel with slurry. After 240 h of incubation, ethanol production by the beads was equivalent to that by free cells, a trend that was repeated in nine additional runs, with slightly improved ethanol yields. Slurry with pre-saccharified lime-pretreated RS was subjected to SSF with floating beads for 168 h. Although higher cell concentrations in beads resulted in more rapid initial ethanol production rates, with negligible diauxic behavior for glucose and xylose utilization, no improvement in the ethanol yield was observed. A fermentor-scale SSF experiment with floating beads was successfully performed twice, with repeated use of the beads, resulting in the production of 40.0 and 39.7 g/L ethanol. There was no decomposition of the beads during agitation at 60 rpm. Thus, this bioreactor enables reuse of yeast cells for efficient ethanol production by SSF of lignocellulosic feedstock, without the need for instruments for centrifugation or filtration of whole slurry.